The research by Kara Brown at the University of Pennsylvania investigates perineural injections for cervical radiculopathy, focusing on the dorsal ultrasound-guided approach for injecting caudal cervical spinal nerves in horses. The study evaluates this technique’s accuracy using methylene blue and iohexol injections in both live and euthanized horses to avoid epidural distribution. Successful visualization of the dye in nerve roots and intervertebral foramina was achieved, aiming to manage inflammation without directly measuring nerve contact. The research highlights differences in mechanical compression causes and clinical signs across species, such as horses, dogs, and humans, with diagnostic methods including physical exams and MRI. Treatment varies, with options like surgery, physiotherapy, and injections for humans and dogs, while horses often receive systemic analgesics and foramenotomy.
- Benoit P, Williams C. (2023) How to evaluate and inject cervical spinal nerve C7 with ultrasound guidance in horses. Proceedings American Association of Equine Practitioners Annual Convention
- Fouquet G, Abbas G, Johnson JP. (2022) Ultrasound-guided injection technique of the equine cervical nerve roots. Front. Vet. Sci. 9:992208. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.992208
- Johnson JP, Vinardell T, David F. (2021) Ultrasound-guided injections of the equine head and neck: review and expert opinion. J. Equine Sci. Vol. 32, No. 4 pp. 103–115. doi: 10.1294/jes.32.103
- Cruz-Sanabria JA, Gaschen L, Bragulla HH, et al. (2021) A study of ultrasound-guided perineural injection of the caudal cervical spinal nerve roots in equine cadavers. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 48, 603e611. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.04.002
- Wolf JK, Early PJ, Pozzi A, Vigani A. (2021) Ultrasound-guided paravertebral perineural glucocorticoid injection for signs of refractory cervical pain associated with foraminal intervertebral disk protrusion in four dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc;258:999–1006. doi: 10.2460/javma.258.9.999
- Wood AD, Sinovich M, Prutton JSW, Parker RA. (2021) Ultrasonographic guidance for perineural injections of the cervical spinal nerves in horses. Veterinary Surgery. 50:816–822. doi: 10.1111/vsu.13610
- Corraretti G, Vanderweerd J-M, Hontoir F, et al. (2020) Anatomy and Ultrasound-Guided Injection of the Medial Branch of the Dorsal Ramus of the Cervical Spinal Nerves in the Horse: A Cadaveric Study. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol;33:377–386. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1714301
- Touzot-Jourde G, Geffroy O, Tallaj A, et al. (2020) Ultrasonography-Guided Perineural Injection of the Ramus ventralis of the 7 and 8th Cervical Nerves in Horses: A Cadaveric Descriptive Pilot Study. Front. Vet. Sci. 7:102. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00102
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